Self-awareness and Theory of Mind Bonobos demonstrate self-awareness, a key trait that allows them to understand what they know and what others may not.
Knowledge Sharing Bonobos are known to share information, but they will only do so when they know the other individual lacks specific knowledge.
Gestures and Communication Bonobos often use gestures and other forms of non-verbal communication, such as pointing or eye contact, to signal information they understand that others may not.
Problem-Solving with Awareness In problem-solving tasks, bonobos often exhibit strategic thinking. When working with a partner, they adjust their actions depending on whether the other bonobo understands the problem.
Deceptive Behavior Studies have shown that bonobos can engage in deceptive behavior. They may intentionally withhold information or mislead others when they realize that the other individual doesn't possess certain knowledge, demonstrating a complex understanding of knowledge asymmetry.
Social Relationships and Cooperation Bonobos rely on social bonds and cooperation, which means they need to gauge what others know in order to work together effectively.
Experimental Evidence In controlled studies, bonobos have shown that they can recognize when others lack knowledge and can adjust their behavior accordingly.